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getopts optstring name [ arg ... ]
Checks the args for legal options. If the args are omitted, use
the positional parameters. A valid option argument begins with
a `+' or a `-'. An argument not beginning with a `+' or a `-',
or the argument `--', ends the options. Note that a single `-'
is not considered a valid option argument. optstring contains
the letters that getopts recognizes. If a letter is followed by
a `:', that option requires an argument. The options can be
separated from the argument by blanks.
Each time it is invoked, getopts places the option letter it
finds in the shell parameter name, prepended with a `+' when arg
begins with a `+'. The index of the next arg is stored in
OPTIND. The option argument, if any, is stored in OPTARG.
The first option to be examined may be changed by explicitly as-
signing to OPTIND. OPTIND has an initial value of 1, and is
normally set to 1 upon entry to a shell function and restored
upon exit. (The POSIX_BUILTINS option disables this, and also
changes the way the value is calculated to match other shells.)
OPTARG is not reset and retains its value from the most recent
call to getopts. If either of OPTIND or OPTARG is explicitly
unset, it remains unset, and the index or option argument is not
stored. The option itself is still stored in name in this case.
A leading `:' in optstring causes getopts to store the letter of
any invalid option in OPTARG, and to set name to `?' for an un-
known option and to `:' when a required argument is missing.
Otherwise, getopts sets name to `?' and prints an error message
when an option is invalid. The exit status is nonzero when
there are no more options.
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